0 viewsNaN secs ago
Custom
Size: 100Est cost: $1054.93
Choose your preferred layout. You can mix and match options using the View as & Group by drop-downs above.
Commander
Aveline de Grandpré
Deathtouch
Whenever a creature you control with deathtouch deals combat damage to a player, put that many +1/+1 counters on that creature.
Disguise (You may cast this card face down for as a 2/2 creature with ward . Turn it face up any time for its disguise cost.)
Whenever a creature you control with deathtouch deals combat damage to a player, put that many +1/+1 counters on that creature.
Disguise (You may cast this card face down for as a 2/2 creature with ward . Turn it face up any time for its disguise cost.)
Legendary Creature - Human Assassin

Commander
(CTRL to add secondary)
Card Adv
Hunter's Talent
(Gain the next level as a sorcery to add its ability.)
When this Class enters, target creature you control deals damage equal to its power to target creature you don't control.
: Level 2
Whenever you attack, target attacking creature gets +1/+0 and gains trample until end of turn.
: Level 3
At the beginning of your end step, if you control a creature with power 4 or greater, draw a card.
When this Class enters, target creature you control deals damage equal to its power to target creature you don't control.
: Level 2
Whenever you attack, target attacking creature gets +1/+0 and gains trample until end of turn.
: Level 3
At the beginning of your end step, if you control a creature with power 4 or greater, draw a card.
Enchantment - Class

Card Adv
(CTRL to add secondary)
Evasion
Kodama of the West Tree
Reach
Modified creatures you control have trample. (Equipment, Auras you control, and counters are modifications.)
Whenever a modified creature you control deals combat damage to a player, search your library for a basic land card, put it onto the battlefield tapped, then shuffle.
Modified creatures you control have trample. (Equipment, Auras you control, and counters are modifications.)
Whenever a modified creature you control deals combat damage to a player, search your library for a basic land card, put it onto the battlefield tapped, then shuffle.
Legendary Creature - Spirit

Tower Above
( can be paid with any two mana or with . This card's mana value is 6.)
Until end of turn, target creature gets +4/+4 and gains trample, wither, and "When this creature attacks, target creature blocks it this turn if able." (It deals damage to creatures in the form of -1/-1 counters.)
Until end of turn, target creature gets +4/+4 and gains trample, wither, and "When this creature attacks, target creature blocks it this turn if able." (It deals damage to creatures in the form of -1/-1 counters.)
Sorcery

Evasion
(CTRL to add secondary)
Land
Land
(CTRL to add secondary)
Lure
You Look Upon the Tarrasque
Choose one —
• Run and Hide — Prevent all combat damage that would be dealt to you and creatures you control this turn.
• Gather Your Courage — Target creature gets +5/+5 and gains indestructible until end of turn. All creatures your opponents control able to block that creature this turn do so.
• Run and Hide — Prevent all combat damage that would be dealt to you and creatures you control this turn.
• Gather Your Courage — Target creature gets +5/+5 and gains indestructible until end of turn. All creatures your opponents control able to block that creature this turn do so.
Instant

Lure
(CTRL to add secondary)
Protection
Tamiyo's Safekeeping
Target permanent you control gains hexproof and indestructible until end of turn. You gain 2 life. (A permanent with hexproof and indestructible can't be the target of spells or abilities your opponents control. Damage and effects that say "destroy" don't destroy it.)
Instant

Protection
(CTRL to add secondary)
Pump
Tifa's Limit Break
Tiered (Choose one additional cost.)
• Somersault — — Target creature gets +2/+2 until end of turn.
• Meteor Strikes — — Double target creature's power and toughness until end of turn.
• Final Heaven — — Triple target creature's power and toughness until end of turn.
• Somersault — — Target creature gets +2/+2 until end of turn.
• Meteor Strikes — — Double target creature's power and toughness until end of turn.
• Final Heaven — — Triple target creature's power and toughness until end of turn.
Instant

Pump
(CTRL to add secondary)
Ramp
Ramp
(CTRL to add secondary)
Removal
Removal
(CTRL to add secondary)
Sideboard
Aphelia, Viper Whisperer
Deathtouch
Whenever Aphelia attacks, you may pay . If you do, create a 1/1 black Snake creature token with deathtouch.
: Until end of turn, whenever one or more Gorgons and/or Snakes you control deal combat damage to a player, that player loses half their life, rounded up.
Whenever Aphelia attacks, you may pay . If you do, create a 1/1 black Snake creature token with deathtouch.
: Until end of turn, whenever one or more Gorgons and/or Snakes you control deal combat damage to a player, that player loses half their life, rounded up.
Legendary Creature - Assassin Gorgon

Contest of Claws
Target creature you control deals damage equal to its power to another target creature. If excess damage was dealt this way, discover X, where X is that excess damage. (Exile cards from the top of your library until you exile a nonland card with that mana value or less. Cast it without paying its mana cost or put it into your hand. Put the rest on the bottom in a random order.)
Sorcery

Not Dead After All
Until end of turn, target creature you control gains "When this creature dies, return it to the battlefield tapped under its owner's control, then create a Wicked Role token attached to it." (Enchanted creature gets +1/+1. When this token is put into a graveyard, each opponent loses 1 life.)
Instant

Profane Tutor
Suspend 2— (Rather than cast this card from your hand, pay and exile it with two time counters on it. At the beginning of your upkeep, remove a time counter. When the last is removed, you may cast it without paying its mana cost.)
Search your library for a card, put that card into your hand, then shuffle.
Search your library for a card, put that card into your hand, then shuffle.
Sorcery

Questing Beast
Vigilance, deathtouch, haste
Questing Beast can't be blocked by creatures with power 2 or less.
Combat damage that would be dealt by creatures you control can't be prevented.
Whenever Questing Beast deals combat damage to an opponent, it deals that much damage to target planeswalker that player controls.
Questing Beast can't be blocked by creatures with power 2 or less.
Combat damage that would be dealt by creatures you control can't be prevented.
Whenever Questing Beast deals combat damage to an opponent, it deals that much damage to target planeswalker that player controls.
Legendary Creature - Beast

Sideboard
(CTRL to add secondary)
Maybeboard
Animate Dead
Enchant creature card in a graveyard
When this Aura enters, if it's on the battlefield, it loses "enchant creature card in a graveyard" and gains "enchant creature put onto the battlefield with this Aura." Return enchanted creature card to the battlefield under your control and attach this Aura to it. When this Aura leaves the battlefield, that creature's controller sacrifices it.
Enchanted creature gets -1/-0.
When this Aura enters, if it's on the battlefield, it loses "enchant creature card in a graveyard" and gains "enchant creature put onto the battlefield with this Aura." Return enchanted creature card to the battlefield under your control and attach this Aura to it. When this Aura leaves the battlefield, that creature's controller sacrifices it.
Enchanted creature gets -1/-0.
Enchantment - Aura

Archpriest of Shadows
Backup 1 (When this creature enters, put a +1/+1 counter on target creature. If that's another creature, it gains the following abilities until end of turn.)
Deathtouch
Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player or battle, return target creature card from your graveyard to the battlefield.
Deathtouch
Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player or battle, return target creature card from your graveyard to the battlefield.
Creature - Human Warlock

Binding the Old Gods
(As this Saga enters and after your draw step, add a lore counter. Sacrifice after III.)
I — Destroy target nonland permanent an opponent controls.
II — Search your library for a Forest card, put it onto the battlefield tapped, then shuffle.
III — Creatures you control gain deathtouch until end of turn.
I — Destroy target nonland permanent an opponent controls.
II — Search your library for a Forest card, put it onto the battlefield tapped, then shuffle.
III — Creatures you control gain deathtouch until end of turn.
Enchantment - Saga

Black Market Connections
At the beginning of your first main phase, choose one or more —
• Sell Contraband — Create a Treasure token. You lose 1 life.
• Buy Information — Draw a card. You lose 2 life.
• Hire a Mercenary — Create a 3/2 colorless Shapeshifter creature token with changeling. You lose 3 life. (It is every creature type.)
• Sell Contraband — Create a Treasure token. You lose 1 life.
• Buy Information — Draw a card. You lose 2 life.
• Hire a Mercenary — Create a 3/2 colorless Shapeshifter creature token with changeling. You lose 3 life. (It is every creature type.)
Enchantment

Bloodchief Ascension
At the beginning of each end step, if an opponent lost 2 or more life this turn, you may put a quest counter on this enchantment. (Damage causes loss of life.)
Whenever a card is put into an opponent's graveyard from anywhere, if this enchantment has three or more quest counters on it, you may have that player lose 2 life. If you do, you gain 2 life.
Whenever a card is put into an opponent's graveyard from anywhere, if this enchantment has three or more quest counters on it, you may have that player lose 2 life. If you do, you gain 2 life.
Enchantment

Chainer, Dementia Master
All Nightmares get +1/+1.
, Pay 3 life: Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. That creature is black and is a Nightmare in addition to its other creature types.
When Chainer leaves the battlefield, exile all Nightmares.
, Pay 3 life: Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. That creature is black and is a Nightmare in addition to its other creature types.
When Chainer leaves the battlefield, exile all Nightmares.
Legendary Creature - Human Minion

Chevill, Bane of Monsters
Deathtouch
At the beginning of your upkeep, if your opponents control no permanents with bounty counters on them, put a bounty counter on target creature or planeswalker an opponent controls.
Whenever a permanent an opponent controls with a bounty counter on it dies, you gain 3 life and draw a card.
At the beginning of your upkeep, if your opponents control no permanents with bounty counters on them, put a bounty counter on target creature or planeswalker an opponent controls.
Whenever a permanent an opponent controls with a bounty counter on it dies, you gain 3 life and draw a card.
Legendary Creature - Human Rogue

Crystalline Giant
At the beginning of combat on your turn, choose a kind of counter at random that this creature doesn't have on it from among flying, first strike, deathtouch, hexproof, lifelink, menace, reach, trample, vigilance, and +1/+1. Put a counter of that kind on this creature.
Creature Artifact - Giant

Eater of Virtue
Whenever equipped creature dies, exile it.
Equipped creature gets +2/+0.
As long as a card exiled with Eater of Virtue has flying, equipped creature has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, menace, protection, reach, trample, and vigilance.
Equip
Equipped creature gets +2/+0.
As long as a card exiled with Eater of Virtue has flying, equipped creature has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, menace, protection, reach, trample, and vigilance.
Equip
Legendary Artifact - Equipment

Fynn, the Fangbearer
Deathtouch (Any amount of damage this deals to a creature is enough to destroy it.)
Whenever a creature you control with deathtouch deals combat damage to a player, that player gets two poison counters. (A player with ten or more poison counters loses the game.)
Whenever a creature you control with deathtouch deals combat damage to a player, that player gets two poison counters. (A player with ten or more poison counters loses the game.)
Legendary Creature - Human Warrior

Garruk, Apex Predator
+1: Destroy another target planeswalker.
+1: Create a 3/3 black Beast creature token with deathtouch.
−3: Destroy target creature. You gain life equal to its toughness.
−8: Target opponent gets an emblem with "Whenever a creature attacks you, it gets +5/+5 and gains trample until end of turn."
+1: Create a 3/3 black Beast creature token with deathtouch.
−3: Destroy target creature. You gain life equal to its toughness.
−8: Target opponent gets an emblem with "Whenever a creature attacks you, it gets +5/+5 and gains trample until end of turn."
Legendary Planeswalker - Garruk

Gavel of the Righteous
At the beginning of combat on your turn, put a charge counter on this Equipment.
Equipped creature gets +1/+1 for each counter on this Equipment.
As long as this Equipment has four or more counters on it, equipped creature has double strike.
Equip—Pay or remove a counter from this Equipment.
Equipped creature gets +1/+1 for each counter on this Equipment.
As long as this Equipment has four or more counters on it, equipped creature has double strike.
Equip—Pay or remove a counter from this Equipment.
Artifact - Equipment

Geth, Lord of the Vault
Intimidate (This creature can't be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or creatures that share a color with it.)
: Put target artifact or creature card with mana value X from an opponent's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control tapped. Then that player mills X cards.
: Put target artifact or creature card with mana value X from an opponent's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control tapped. Then that player mills X cards.
Legendary Creature - Zombie Phyrexian

Glissa, Herald of Predation
At the beginning of combat on your turn, choose one —
• Incubate 2 twice. (To incubate 2, create an Incubator token with two +1/+1 counters on it and ": Transform this token." It transforms into a 0/0 Phyrexian artifact creature.)
• Transform all Incubator tokens you control.
• Phyrexians you control gain first strike and deathtouch until end of turn.
• Incubate 2 twice. (To incubate 2, create an Incubator token with two +1/+1 counters on it and ": Transform this token." It transforms into a 0/0 Phyrexian artifact creature.)
• Transform all Incubator tokens you control.
• Phyrexians you control gain first strike and deathtouch until end of turn.
Legendary Creature - Elf Zombie Phyrexian

Gonti, Lord of Luxury
Deathtouch
When Gonti enters, look at the top four cards of target opponent's library, exile one of them face down, then put the rest on the bottom of that library in a random order. You may cast that card for as long as it remains exiled, and mana of any type can be spent to cast that spell.
When Gonti enters, look at the top four cards of target opponent's library, exile one of them face down, then put the rest on the bottom of that library in a random order. You may cast that card for as long as it remains exiled, and mana of any type can be spent to cast that spell.
Legendary Creature - Rogue Aetherborn

Kusari-Gama
Equipped creature has ": This creature gets +1/+0 until end of turn."
Whenever equipped creature deals damage to a blocking creature, this Equipment deals that much damage to each other creature defending player controls.
Equip (: Attach to target creature you control. Equip only as a sorcery.)
Whenever equipped creature deals damage to a blocking creature, this Equipment deals that much damage to each other creature defending player controls.
Equip (: Attach to target creature you control. Equip only as a sorcery.)
Artifact - Equipment

Legolas's Quick Reflexes
Split second (As long as this spell is on the stack, players can't cast spells or activate abilities that aren't mana abilities.)
Untap target creature. Until end of turn, it gains hexproof, reach, and "Whenever this creature becomes tapped, it deals damage equal to its power to up to one target creature."
Untap target creature. Until end of turn, it gains hexproof, reach, and "Whenever this creature becomes tapped, it deals damage equal to its power to up to one target creature."
Instant

Mari, the Killing Quill
Whenever a creature an opponent controls dies, exile it with a hit counter on it.
Assassins, Mercenaries, and Rogues you control have deathtouch and "Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, you may remove a hit counter from a card that player owns in exile. If you do, draw a card and create two Treasure tokens."
Assassins, Mercenaries, and Rogues you control have deathtouch and "Whenever this creature deals combat damage to a player, you may remove a hit counter from a card that player owns in exile. If you do, draw a card and create two Treasure tokens."
Legendary Creature - Vampire Assassin

Mimic Vat
Imprint — Whenever a nontoken creature dies, you may exile that card. If you do, return each other card exiled with this artifact to its owner's graveyard.
, : Create a token that's a copy of a card exiled with this artifact. It gains haste. Exile it at the beginning of the next end step.
, : Create a token that's a copy of a card exiled with this artifact. It gains haste. Exile it at the beginning of the next end step.
Artifact

Nazgûl Battle-Mace
Equipped creature has menace, deathtouch, annihilator 1, and "Whenever an opponent sacrifices a nontoken permanent, put that card onto the battlefield under your control unless that player pays 3 life." (Whenever a creature with annihilator 1 attacks, defending player sacrifices a permanent of their choice.)
Equip
Equip
Artifact - Equipment

Necromancy
You may cast this spell as though it had flash. If you cast it any time a sorcery couldn't have been cast, the controller of the permanent it becomes sacrifices it at the beginning of the next cleanup step.
When this enchantment enters, if it's on the battlefield, it becomes an Aura with "enchant creature put onto the battlefield with Necromancy." Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control and attach this enchantment to it. When this enchantment leaves the battlefield, that creature's controller sacrifices it.
When this enchantment enters, if it's on the battlefield, it becomes an Aura with "enchant creature put onto the battlefield with Necromancy." Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control and attach this enchantment to it. When this enchantment leaves the battlefield, that creature's controller sacrifices it.
Enchantment

Necrosynthesis
Enchant creature
Enchanted creature has "Whenever another creature dies, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature."
When enchanted creature dies, look at the top X cards of your library, where X is its power. Put one of those cards into your hand and the rest on the bottom of your library in a random order.
Enchanted creature has "Whenever another creature dies, put a +1/+1 counter on this creature."
When enchanted creature dies, look at the top X cards of your library, where X is its power. Put one of those cards into your hand and the rest on the bottom of your library in a random order.
Enchantment - Aura

Puppeteer Clique
Flying
When this creature enters, put target creature card from an opponent's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. It gains haste. At the beginning of your next end step, exile it.
Persist (When this creature dies, if it had no -1/-1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner's control with a -1/-1 counter on it.)
When this creature enters, put target creature card from an opponent's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. It gains haste. At the beginning of your next end step, exile it.
Persist (When this creature dies, if it had no -1/-1 counters on it, return it to the battlefield under its owner's control with a -1/-1 counter on it.)
Creature - Wizard Faerie

Quilled Greatwurm
Trample
Whenever a creature you control deals combat damage during your turn, put that many +1/+1 counters on it. (It must survive to get the counters.)
You may cast this card from your graveyard by removing six counters from among creatures you control in addition to paying its other costs.
Whenever a creature you control deals combat damage during your turn, put that many +1/+1 counters on it. (It must survive to get the counters.)
You may cast this card from your graveyard by removing six counters from among creatures you control in addition to paying its other costs.
Creature - Wurm

Rakshasa Debaser
Whenever this creature attacks, put target creature card from defending player's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
Encore (, Exile this card from your graveyard: For each opponent, create a token copy that attacks that opponent this turn if able. They gain haste. Sacrifice them at the beginning of the next end step. Activate only as a sorcery.)
Encore (, Exile this card from your graveyard: For each opponent, create a token copy that attacks that opponent this turn if able. They gain haste. Sacrifice them at the beginning of the next end step. Activate only as a sorcery.)
Creature - Demon

Selective Adaptation
Reveal the top seven cards of your library. Choose from among them a card with flying, a card with first strike, and so on for double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, menace, reach, trample, and vigilance. Put one of the chosen cards onto the battlefield, the other chosen cards into your hand, and the rest into your graveyard.
Sorcery

Sepulchral Primordial
Intimidate (This creature can't be blocked except by artifact creatures and/or creatures that share a color with it.)
When this creature enters, for each opponent, you may put up to one target creature card from that player's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
When this creature enters, for each opponent, you may put up to one target creature card from that player's graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
Creature - Avatar

Soulflayer
Delve (Each card you exile from your graveyard while casting this spell pays for .)
If a creature card with flying was exiled with this creature's delve ability, this creature has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, reach, trample, and vigilance.
If a creature card with flying was exiled with this creature's delve ability, this creature has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, reach, trample, and vigilance.
Creature - Demon

Syr Konrad, the Grim
Whenever another creature dies, or a creature card is put into a graveyard from anywhere other than the battlefield, or a creature card leaves your graveyard, Syr Konrad deals 1 damage to each opponent.
: Each player mills a card. (They each put the top card of their library into their graveyard.)
: Each player mills a card. (They each put the top card of their library into their graveyard.)
Legendary Creature - Human Knight

Tainted Adversary
Deathtouch
When this creature enters, you may pay any number of times. When you pay this cost one or more times, put that many +1/+1 counters on this creature, then create twice that many 2/2 black Zombie creature tokens with decayed. (A creature with decayed can't block. When it attacks, sacrifice it at end of combat.)
When this creature enters, you may pay any number of times. When you pay this cost one or more times, put that many +1/+1 counters on this creature, then create twice that many 2/2 black Zombie creature tokens with decayed. (A creature with decayed can't block. When it attacks, sacrifice it at end of combat.)
Creature - Zombie

The Cruelty of Gix
Read ahead (Choose a chapter and start with that many lore counters. Add one after your draw step. Skipped chapters don't trigger. Sacrifice after III.)
I — Target opponent reveals their hand. You choose a creature or planeswalker card from it. That player discards that card.
II — Search your library for a card, put that card into your hand, then shuffle. You lose 3 life.
III — Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
I — Target opponent reveals their hand. You choose a creature or planeswalker card from it. That player discards that card.
II — Search your library for a card, put that card into your hand, then shuffle. You lose 3 life.
III — Put target creature card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
Enchantment - Saga

The Eldest Reborn
(As this Saga enters and after your draw step, add a lore counter. Sacrifice after III.)
I — Each opponent sacrifices a creature or planeswalker of their choice.
II — Each opponent discards a card.
III — Put target creature or planeswalker card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
I — Each opponent sacrifices a creature or planeswalker of their choice.
II — Each opponent discards a card.
III — Put target creature or planeswalker card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control.
Enchantment - Saga

The One Ring
Indestructible
When The One Ring enters, if you cast it, you gain protection from everything until your next turn.
At the beginning of your upkeep, you lose 1 life for each burden counter on The One Ring.
: Put a burden counter on The One Ring, then draw a card for each burden counter on The One Ring.
When The One Ring enters, if you cast it, you gain protection from everything until your next turn.
At the beginning of your upkeep, you lose 1 life for each burden counter on The One Ring.
: Put a burden counter on The One Ring, then draw a card for each burden counter on The One Ring.
Legendary Artifact

Urborg Scavengers
Whenever this creature enters or attacks, exile target card from a graveyard. Put a +1/+1 counter on this creature.
This creature has flying as long as a card exiled with it has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, menace, reach, trample, and vigilance.
This creature has flying as long as a card exiled with it has flying. The same is true for first strike, double strike, deathtouch, haste, hexproof, indestructible, lifelink, menace, reach, trample, and vigilance.
Creature - Spirit

Virtus the Veiled
Partner with Gorm the Great (When this creature enters, target player may put Gorm into their hand from their library, then shuffle.)
Deathtouch
Whenever Virtus deals combat damage to a player, that player loses half their life, rounded up.
Deathtouch
Whenever Virtus deals combat damage to a player, that player loses half their life, rounded up.
Legendary Creature - Assassin Azra

Vraska, Swarm's Eminence
Whenever a creature you control with deathtouch deals damage to a player or planeswalker, put a +1/+1 counter on that creature.
−2: Create a 1/1 black Assassin creature token with deathtouch and "Whenever this token deals damage to a planeswalker, destroy that planeswalker."
−2: Create a 1/1 black Assassin creature token with deathtouch and "Whenever this token deals damage to a planeswalker, destroy that planeswalker."
Legendary Planeswalker - Vraska

Vraska, the Silencer
Deathtouch
Whenever a nontoken creature an opponent controls dies, you may pay . If you do, return that card to the battlefield tapped under your control. It's a Treasure artifact with ", Sacrifice this artifact: Add one mana of any color," and it loses all other card types.
Whenever a nontoken creature an opponent controls dies, you may pay . If you do, return that card to the battlefield tapped under your control. It's a Treasure artifact with ", Sacrifice this artifact: Add one mana of any color," and it loses all other card types.
Legendary Creature - Assassin Gorgon

Yawgmoth's Vile Offering
(You may cast a legendary sorcery only if you control a legendary creature or planeswalker.)
Put up to one target creature or planeswalker card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. Destroy up to one target creature or planeswalker. Exile Yawgmoth's Vile Offering.
Put up to one target creature or planeswalker card from a graveyard onto the battlefield under your control. Destroy up to one target creature or planeswalker. Exile Yawgmoth's Vile Offering.
Legendary Sorcery

Maybeboard
(CTRL to add secondary)
Deck Info
Deck stats
Card NameQtyOdds
Click charts to focus on cards
































































































































































































































































