Volo, Guide to Monsters

Whenever you cast a creature spell that doesn't share a creature type with a creature you control or a creature card in your graveyard, copy that spell. (A copy of a creature spell becomes a token.)

Tarmogoyf

Tarmogoyf's power is equal to the number of card types among cards in all graveyards and its toughness is equal to that number plus 1.

Twinning Staff

If you would copy a spell one or more times, instead copy it that many times plus an additional time. You may choose new targets for the additional copy.
{7}, {T}: Copy target instant or sorcery spell you control. You may choose new targets for the copy.